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Bản tiếng Việt
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I'm a little afraid when writing these instructions since I didn't have any book or reference whatsoever on Vietnamese poetry types and rules... But, I believe that most of them will be okay, the rest will be taken care when I have your feedback, right? All illustrated poems are mine, copyrighted, if you plan on using content and poems on this page elsewhere, please make sure to credit me with my name (and site address if possible) for all the hard works I did put on this page... I'll translate the poems into plain English later when I have time, but leaving them as they are is good enough because after all the rules applied only on Vietnamese words... Poems that you compose follow the instructions on this page can be sent to me using the form mail at the bottom of this page... I'll post them all in a separate page, and also post each of them on the main page for a week... Để đọc trang này trong tiếng Việt
Vietnamese poems divided into several types with particular rules for each of them... Some of the most seen poetry types (names come from how many words in each sentence of the poem) in Vietnam are "Lục Bát" (six-eight), "Song Thất Lục Bát" (seven-seven-six-eight), "Tám chữ" (eight words), "Bảy chữ" (seven words), "Sáu chữ" (six words), "Năm chữ" (five words), and "Bốn chữ" (four words)... Rules include how to make words rhythm, and how to place accent words... Accent words: "Bằng" (flat) includes null word without accent mark (a), and word with soft accent mark (à)... "Trắc" (updown) includes word with high up or down accent mark: á, ả, ạ, ã... Rhythm: flat word is supposed to rhythm with another flat word, same goes with updown word... "a" doesn't rhythm with "á" as an example... OK, enough with basic, let's get into the rules of each poetry type... I'll use underline for rhythm ruled words, bold for accent ruled words, and italic for exception... When two or more rules applied on 1 word, I'll combine the format (ex: both bold and underline for word that is under both rhythm rule and accent rule... You can always compose your free style poem just like most of mine, not follow any rule... But, you still have to make sure your poem sounds nice, and rhythms because after all, that's why we call poem... You can learn to compose a poem from a book, but what so special about this page is all of the poems are mine, got composed just illustrate the rules to you... I can find famous poems to use as examples, but I like to build most of the things on this web site by my own works even my poems may not be good at all... Six-eight poem: One of the most used poetry types in Vietnamese literature... Basic accent rule is: Sentence of six words: word # 2: flat, 4: updown, 6 flat Sentence of eight words: word # 2: flat, 4: updown, , 6: flat, 8: flat (6 & 8 are both flat, but if one is null without accent mark, then the other must be soft accent word)... Basic rhythm is the last word of the sentence of six rhythm with the sixth of the sentence of eight... Last word from sentence of eight rhythm with last word on the next sentence of six... "ngày mai ở chốn hẹn
này Sometimes, exception is the second word of the sentence of six may be updown, not flat... Then, the sentence is kinda paused at the middle... "ánh mắt đó, nụ cười
kia Another exception is rhythm, sometimes not the sixth word of the sentence of eight rhythm with the last of sentence of six, but the fourth of sentence of eight rhythm with the last of sentence of six... If using this, then the 2nd and 6th of the sentence of eight will change to updown, not flat anymore... "chia tay bịn rịn luyến
lưu Seven-seven-six-eight: Basic accent rule is: First sentence of seven: word # 3: updown, 5: flat, 7: updown Second sentence of seven: word # 3: flat, 5: updow, 7: flat Six and eight use same rule about accent as six-eight above... Now, rhythm rule is last word from the 1st seven rhythm with 5th from the 2nd seven; last word from 2nd seven then rhythm with last from the six, last from six rhythm with 6th from eight, last from eight rhythm with 5th from the next seven... There's time when the last from eight rhythm with the 3th (not 5th) from next seven; then you have to change this 3th word from updown accent to flat... This is like an exception, so I'll italic it to show you in my example below...
"tìm một bóng dáng ngày xưa cũ Sentences of Eight: Basic rule accent rule is if the 3th word is updown, then 5th, 6th are both flat and last word is updown; 3th is flat, then both 5th and 6th are updown, and last is flat... These several styles of rhythm the poem... Style 1, you can rhythm each pair of sentence (two sentence next to each another) at the last word, one pair at the time... Style 2, you can rhythm last word of a sentence with last word of the one after its next one... Style 3, in each block of 4 sentences, you can rhythm the two in middle at last word, leave the first and last sentence alone... Sometimes, also rhythm the last word with the 5th or 6th on next sentence makes the poem richer in rhythm... My poem as example for first rhythm style:
"ta lục tìm trong tận những ưu
tư My poem as example for the second rhythm style and extra style (last word rhythm with 5th on next sentence):
"thả trên sóng tình yêu thuyền đơn
độc My poems as examples for the third rhythm style, and the extra style also (last word rhythm with 5th or 6th on next sentence)... Also in the second poem, I rhythm the last word from first sentence with last from the fourth sentence to make the poem richer in rhythm, another extra to spice up your poem if you like to:
"trong cõi đời vô tận những vấn
vương
"em theo ta vào đến tận trong
mơ Sentences of Seven: Basic accent rule is: On odd number sentence: word # 2: flat, 4: updown, 6: flat On even number sentence: word # 2: updown, 4: flat, 6: updown Or vice versa between odd & even sentences... There are two styles with rhythm, first one rhythm the last word of a sentence with last word of the one after its next one... The second style rhythm last words of sentence # 1, 2, and 4 all flat accent... My poems as examples for the first style:
"thuở ấy bạn bè chung một lớp
"ta buồn cho nửa đời còn lại My poem as example for the second style:
"em mang nhẫn cưới bước sang ngang Sentences of Six: I don't know if there is any rule about accent or not (please share your knowledge if you know the rule for this type)... I just know the styles to rhythm... The first style rhythm last word in a sentence with last word in the sentence after its next one... Second style rhythm the last words in the middle two sentences of a four sentences block, leave the first and last sentence alone... My poem as example for the first style:
"tôi đọc trong hoàng hôn tím My poem as example for the second style, I also rhythm the last word in the first sentence with last word in the last sentence to enrich my poem, you can do that too:
"vì sao ta phải chia ly Sentences of Five: Accent rule for this type of poem is simple: if the 2nd word is flat then the 4th word must be updown; and vice versa... There are three styles with rhythm, first one rhythm the last word of a sentence with last word of the one after its next one... Second style rhythm the last words in the middle two sentences of a four sentences block, leave the first and last sentence alone... The third style rhythm last words of sentence # 1, 2, and 3 all flat accent... My poem as example for first style:
"em dang tay vẩy gió My poem as example for second style, I also spice it up with rhythm between last words from first and last sentence:
"trong một chiều bơ vơ My poem as example for third style:
"uống vơi ly rượu buồn Sentences of Four: Basic accent rule is just as same as "sentences of five" above applied to the 2nd and 4th words in sentence too... You can use several styles to rhythm a "sentences of four" poem, the first three are as same as in "sentences of five" poem above also... In one more style for this type of poem, you can rhythm each pair of sentence (two sentence next to each another) at the last word, one pair at the time... My poem as example for the first style (see in "sentences of five" poem above if needed):
"ngày xưa còn bé My poems as examples for the second style (see in "sentences of five" poem above if needed), in the second poem, I also rhythm the last words in the first sentence and the last sentence together to enrich it:
"em cầm tay tôi
"thơ tím còn đây My poem example for the third style (see in "sentences of five" poem above if needed):
"về trước sân trường My poem as example for the fourth style:
"nghe vẻ nghe ve
OK, now you all mastered the rules for those usually used Vietnamese poetry types... Wish you have a good time in relaxing your mind... Remember that poems is not just for serious sentimental stuffs, but also for humor...
(Nicholas Nghia Nguyen - 6/28/03 - Louisville, Kentucky, US) Those 2 lines above are from my cousin Nicholas Nghia Nguyen... The very first poem that a person just composed follow the rules I talked about in this page, poetry type "Lục Bát" (six-eight)... If any of you want to have your poems, which is composed using the instructions on this page, posted on my site, please sent them to me using the form mail below (or email me, or post in message board, it's up to you)... Remember to leave your name (and email if possible) so that I can credit you for the poems... Don't steal other people's poems and send them to me... If I want to post other poems, I'll find them myself then post them in page for Vietnamese love poems... But this here is only for poems which are composed following my instructions on this page...
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"Môi hồng nở hé nụ cười